Al Qaeda
alternative words: Al Qaeda organization, Al Qaida, Al Qaida organization, Al Qaedah, Al Qaidah, Alqaeda, Alqaida, Al Queda
keywords: islam , organization , terrorism
related topics: Osama bin Laden , Soviet invasion
related web sites: http://cns.miis.edu/research/wtc01/alqaida.htm , http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/ladin.htm
explanation: Islamic fundamentalist group founded by Osama bin Laden in 1988 during a fight against the Soviet troops in Afghanistan. After the withdrawal of Soviet union in 1989, the group has continued to recruit more members thanks to the fortune of bin Laden and switched their goal to the fight against American imperialism and Zionism. Al Qaeda, being suspected as an origin of September 11 attack, their bases have been destroyed by American bombings. Al Qaeda counts about 3000 permanent members.
Hezb e Islami
alternative words: Hezb i Islami, Hezbi Islami, Islamic party
keywords: islam , organization
related topics: Gulbuddin Hekmatyar , Muhammad Daoud
related web sites: http://www.hezb-e-islami.org
explanation: Daoud's iron fist policy forced Hekmatyar to flee to Peshawar. He founded there an Islamic party, Hezb e Islami in 1975 to organize a resistance against Doud then communist regimes thanks to an aid from Pakistan. After the fall of Kabul in 1992, he tried to overthrow Rabbani's regime by launching rocket attack to Kabul. After a takeover of Kabul by Taliban in 1996, they had to be reconciled but meantime, Pakistan changing their support to Taliban, Hezb e Islami has lost influence.
Jamiat i Islami
alternative words: Islamic society
keywords: islam , organization
related topics: Muhammad Daoud , Burhanuddin Rabbani , Ahmad Shah Masoud
explanation: Initially a club of Koran reading at Kabul university, it became a radical movement against communism popular among students when Rabbani was appointed head of the party in 1972. After a ban of Islamic parties by Daoud, Rabbani fled in 1974 to Peshawar to organize a resistance with other members of party such as Masoud. After the fall of communist regime in 1992, Rabbani became the president of Afghanistan but Hekmatyar opposed him. Rabbani was driven out from Kabul by Taliban in 1996.
Mujahideen
alternative words: Mujahiddin, Mujaheddin, Mujahidin, Mojahideen, Mujahedeen, Mujahid
keywords: islam , organization
related topics: Soviet invasion , Taliban , Burhanuddin Rabbani , Ahmad Shah Masoud , Gulbuddin Hekmatyar , Abdul Rashid Dostam
explanation: Mujahideen means "warriors" in Arabic language, especially those who fought in Afghanistan during Soviet occupation between 1979 and 1989. USA gave weapons and instructors, Pakistan, manpower and bases, and Saudi Arabia, money. Once Russians retired, a factional war (Rabbani-Massoud group against Hekmatyar-Dostam group) broke out and Afghanistan plunged into a civil war. Many Mujahideen then became warlords or bandits until an unification of Afghanistan by Taliban.
Osama bin Laden
alternative words: Osama ben Laden, Usama bin Laden, Ossama bin Laden, Ussama bin Laden, bin Laden, ben Laden
keywords: famous person , islam , terrorism
related topics: Al Qaeda , Soviet invasion
related web sites: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/bio.html , http://www.msnbc.com/news/564810.asp?0sp=n8b4b4
explanation: Born in Saudi Arabia in 1957 from Yemenite father and Syrian mother. He lost his father at the age 13, who left him a huge fortune. He was graduated at Jeddah university in 1981. During the Soviet occupation, he frequently visited Pakistan to meet Mujahideen leaders then personally engaged in battles. After Soviet withdrawal in 1989, he returned back to Saudi Arabia. During Gulf war, he was asked to keep a low profile. After a sojourn in Sudan between 1991 and 1996, he has been back again in Afghanistan.
Taliban
alternative words: Talib, Taleban, Taleb, Talibaan, Student
keywords: islam , organization
related topics: Kandahar , Muhammad Omar , ISI
related web sites: http://www.afghan-info.com/TALIBAN.HTM , http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/taleban.htm
explanation: Literally "students", they suddenly emerged in late 1994 at Kandahar, when 30 students guided by an Islam teacher, Muhammad Omar, succeeded to drive out local Mujahideen. Endorsed overwhelmingly by the people tired with perpetual combats among Mujahideen factions, Taliban quickly captured most of Afghanistan. Most important decision-making structure is "shura", a council of mullahs. Though they are controlling 90% of Afghanistan, few countries have recognized their regime. They are now at war against USA.
United front
alternative words: Northern alliance, United Islamic front, United Islamic front for the salvation of Afghanistan
keywords: islam , organization
related topics: Taliban , Jamiat i Islami , Hezb e Islami , King Zahir , Tajik , Mujahideen , Abdul Qassim Fahim , Panjshir valley
related web sites: http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/northern_alliance.htm
explanation: After the fall of Kabul in 1996, many Mujahideen groups who had fight one against another beforehand formed a coalition force against Taliban unless they might disappear. It includes Rabbani and Masoud of Jamiat i Islami and an ex communist general, Abdul Rashid Dostam. They are now confined to the northeastern region by Taliban and control only 10% of Afghanistan. Most of the fighters are Tajiks and claim to support a moderate Islam. They are now trying to form a coalition government with ex king Zahir.
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