Online dictionary of history and traditions in Japan: famous person

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Emperor Yuryaku

雄略天皇 倭王武
alternative words: Emperor Yuuryaku, Yuryaku tenno, Waketakeru no mikoto, Prince Waketakeru, King Bu, Yuryaku
keywords: china , emperor , famous person
related topics: 5 Japanese kings , Yamato dynasty , Kofun period
related web sites: http://www.geocities.co.jp/CollegeLife/9791/Yuryaku.html
explanation: Japanese 21th Emperor. In the letter sent to Chinese emperor in 5th century, Youryaku says that my ancestors have been busy to extend our domain: to the east, we conquered 55 Ainu's countries, to the west, 66 rebellion countries then crossed over the sea to the north to conquer 95 countries. During his life, not only he conquered more territories but eliminated internal foes. His Japanese name "Waketakeru" means "young and strong" while Chinese name "Bu" means "strong".

Empress Jingu

神功皇后 息長足姫命 息長帯比売命
alternative words: Empress Jingukogo, Jingukogo, Jingu-kogo, Jingu kogo, Okinagatarashihime, Okinagatarashi-hime, Princess Okinagatarashi, Jingu
keywords: emperor , famous person , korea , mythology
related topics: Nihonshoki , Himiko , Emperor Ojin , Paekche , Silla , Koguryo
related web sites: http://www.joyful.gr.jp/box1/japanese/jinrin.html , http://www.geocities.co.jp/SilkRoad/4815/sumiyoshi.html , http://www.ne.jp/asahi/kam/navi/kinokuni/historyjinguu.htm
explanation: Wife of the 14th Emperor, Chuai. According Nihonshoki, after the death of her husband, she would have crossed over the sea to conquer 3 Korean Kingdoms, Koguryo, Paekche and Silla while an expected son and the future Emperor, Ojin in her body. After his birth, she would have returned back to Yamato with Ojin to punish those who didn't want them. Nihonshoki also says that Himiko should be another name of Jingu but many historians don't agree with this thesis.

Empress Suiko

推古天皇
alternative words: Suiko tenno, Suiko tennou, Suiko, Empress Suiko tenno
keywords: china , emperor , famous person
related topics: Asuka period , Prince Shotoku
explanation: Suiko is the first empress of Japan of whom existence is certified. Born in 554 as a daughter of Soga clan and became the wife of Emperor Kinmei. After the assassination of Emperor Shushun by a killer sent by Soga, Suiko became the 33th emperor. With her nephew and regent, prince Shotoku, she strove to strengthen Yamato dynasty: not only she legislated many laws such as the constitution with 17 articles, but sent several missions to China (Kenzui-shi) to increase Japanese prestige. She died in 628.

En no ozunu

役の小角 役の行者
alternative words: Ennoozunu, Enno ozunu, En no kimi ozunu, En no gyoja, Ennogyoja, Enno gyoja
keywords: famous person , mystery , religion
related topics: Shugendo , Asuka period , Nara period , Ninja , Shoku nihongi
related web sites: http://server1.seafolk.ne.jp/~enigma/ennoozunu.htm
explanation: Sorcerer of late Asuka and early Nara period. According to Shoku Nihongi, he practiced asceticism at Mt Katsuragi in Asuka region and was banished in 699 to Izu province because people would be troubled by his magic. Able to fly in sky, walk on waters or block others by thought, En no ozunu was considered the founder of Shugendo and venerated by Ninja. There exist many legends about him all over Japan.

Enomoto Takeaki

榎本武揚 榎本武揚
alternative words: Takeaki Enomoto, Enomoto Buyo, Buyo Enomoto, Enomoto Buyou, Buyou Enomoto
keywords: famous person , meiji revolution , military man , northern territory , statesman
related topics: Meiji revolution , Saint Petersburg treaty , Hatamoto , Boshin war
explanation: Born in 1836 in a Hatamoto family. He learned naval technique in Tokyo and Nagasaki to become himself a teacher. Between 1862 and 1866, he studied in Holland naval technique and international law. After returned back to Japan, he was nominated to Marine Minister (Kaigun bugyo) of Tokugawa shogunate. After its defeat in 1868, he refused to surrender and fled to Hakodata with his ships, but finally pardoned. He served then in many ministerial posts of Meiji government.

Francisco de Xavier

フランシスコ・ザビエル ザビエル
alternative words: Saint Francisco de Xavier, Francisco Xavier, Francis Xavier, Xavier
keywords: famous person , foreigner , religion
related topics: Sengoku period , Satsuma domain
related web sites: http://www.mg21.co.jp/xavier450/ , http://www.minc.ne.jp/hiwakisho/xavier/
explanation: Born in 1506 in a family of Spanish nobility. After studied at Paris university and founded Jesuits, he left Europe for missionary works in Asia: first south India then Malacca. There he met a Japanese, Anjiro and decided to go to Japan. In 1549, he reached Satsuma domain in south Kyushu and became the first Christian missionary. After having christianized the northern Kyushu with an aid of seignior Otomo Sorin, he left Japan for China and died there due to a fever in 1552.

Fujiwara no Fuhito

藤原不比等 不比等
alternative words: Fujiwarano Fuhito
keywords: famous person , statesman
related topics: Nakatomi no Kamatari , Heijokyo , Fujiwara family , Emperor Shomu
explanation: Born in 659 as a son of Kamatari, the major contributor of Taika reform. Being a clever politician as his father, his daughter became a wife of Shomu emperor and he strove for moving the capital to Nara in 710. He died in 720 and his 4 sons, Muchimaro, Fusasaki, Umakai and Maro became the founders of 4 main Fujiwara branches, i.e. respectively Nanke, Hokke, Shikike and Kyoke.

Fujiwara no Michinaga

藤原道長 道長
alternative words: Fujiwarano Michinaga, Michinaga
keywords: famous person , statesman
related topics: Fujiwara family , Heian period
related web sites: http://www.lint.ne.jp/~meirokun/mitinaM1.htm , http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~ed3s-ymzk/zatu/zatu2.htm , http://www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/~heian/kenkyu/person/sekkan/sekkan8.htm
explanation: Born in 966 as the 4th son of the regent, Kaneie. Thanks to successive deaths of his elder brothers, he became suddenly one of pretenders of the house succession. After a fierce political battles with Korechika, a son of his eldest brother, he eliminated him and forced to accept his daughter, Shoshi as the second wife of Emperor Ichijo. He also let marry another daughter, Kenshi, with the next emperor, Sanjo. A famous poem compared his life to a full moon, i.e. nothing is lacking. He died in 1027.

Fujiwara no Sadaie

藤原定家 藤原定家
alternative words: Fujiwarano Sadaie, Fujiwara no Teika, Fujiwarano Teika
keywords: artist , famous person , poesy , writer
related topics: Heian period , Kamakura period , Shin kokinshu
related web sites: http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~sg2h-ymst/yamatouta/sennin/teika.html , http://www3.justnet.ne.jp/~mononoke/home.htm
explanation: Poet of the late Heian and early Kamakura period. Born in 1162 as a son of Fujiwara no Toshinari, another poet. Since he participated to an imperial poetry party at the age 17, his reputation had never ceased to spread and he was appointed by Gotoba joko to a compiler of "Shin kokinshu" in 1201. His style, "ushin", i.e. "aesthetic sensibility" had strongly influenced the poetry of the next generation. His diary, Meigetsuki is an excellent source to learn aristocrat's life of the epoch. He died in 1241.

Fukuzawa Yukichi

福沢諭吉
alternative words: Yukichi Fukuzawa
keywords: famous person , scholar
related topics: Rangaku , Meiji period , Edo , Edo shogunate
related web sites: http://www.yukichi.ne.jp/fukuzawa/yukichi.html , http://www.izumishobo.co.jp/iode31-1a.htm , http://www.keio.ac.jp
explanation: Born in 1834 in a samurai family of Kyushu. He studied Dutch (Rangaku) from Ogata Koan in Osaka. In 1858, he went to Edo to open a Dutch school then learnt alone English language. As a member of Edo shogunate's delegation, he visited 3 times America and Europe. In 1868, he opened a western school which became later Keio university. In spite of an invitation, he refused to enter Meiji government and his book, "Gakumon no susume" became a best seller. He died in 1901.

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