Online dictionary of history and traditions in Japan: event

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Siberian intervention

シベリア出兵
alternative words: Siberian expedition, Shiberia shuppei
keywords: event , war
related topics: Taisho period , Niko incident
related web sites: http://ww1.m78.com/sib/siberian%20expedition.html
explanation: After the revolution, Russia signed a separate treaty with Germany in March 1918. In order to protect Czechslovakian soldiers just liberated, the allied powers asked Japan to sent her troops to Siberia. Owing the important interests in Siberia, Japan sent the largest contingent with 70,000 men but due to the resistance of Bolsheviks, the expedition failed. After the withdrawal of other countries, Japan remained asking the reparation of Niko incident. She evacuated the troops in 1925.

Taika reform

大化の改新
alternative words: Taika no kaishin, Taikano Kaishin, Taika
keywords: event
related topics: Asuka period , Emperor Tenchi , Nakatomi no Kamatari , Soga no Iruka
related web sites: http://homepage1.nifty.com/anecs/social/history/nihon-nara/taika.htm
explanation: A palace coup d'�tat which took place in 645 with the participation of Prince Nakano ooe and Nakatomi no Kamatari in order to throw out Soga family who had become too powerful. After this putsch, they strove for the creation of a centralized state by suppressing large private land owners and introducing a state ledger to control the tax collection. Nakatomi no Kamatari received the name of "Fujiwara" and gradually his family arrived to control the imperial court.

Taisho democracy

大正デモクラシー
alternative words: Taisho democracy movement, Democracy of Taisho
keywords: event , law
related topics: Taisho period , Genro
explanation: Popular movement of Taisho period, demanding to suppress the privilege of privy council (sumitsuin), genro, house of peers, army etc and to establish an universal suffrage. The main ideologues were Yoshino Sakuzo and Minobe Tatsukichi. The movement was strongly influenced by European democracy movement of post world war I and shifted gradually to a socialist movement. After the promulgation of universal suffrage and peace preservation law (Chian ijiho) in 1925, it ran out of stream.

Tenpo reform

天保の改革 天保改革
alternative words: Tenpo no kaikaku, Tempo reform, Tempo no kaikaku, Tenpou reform, Tenpou no kaikaku
keywords: event , law
related topics: Mizuno Tadakuni , Edo period , Edo shogunate , Daimyo , Hatamoto
explanation: Reform of Edo shogunate launched by Roju, Mizuno Tadakuni in 1841-43. Following the great famine of Tenpo in 1833-36, the deficit of Edo shogunate increased while a great inflation appeared in big cities such as Tokyo and Osaka. Mizuno Tadakuni ordered to stop the luxury and send back farmers to their homelands (Hitogaeshi). He tried also to concentrate shogun's land around Edo (Agechirei) but it provoked a strong opposition among hatamoto and daimyo and forced him to resign roju.

Tongzhou incident

通州事件 通州
alternative words: Tsushu incident, Tsushujiken, Tsushu jiken, Tongzhou massacre, Tsushu massacre
keywords: china , event , war
related web sites: http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~KU3N-KYM/tyousa02/tushu5.htm , http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Academy/9246/tongzhou.htm
explanation: On 29 July 1937, hundreds of Japanese civilians were slaughtered at Tsushu (Tongzhou) in the eastern suburb of Peking. The incident was provoked by the militia of pro Japanese Kito (Jidong) government which formed a buffer zone between the mainland China and Manchukuo. By taking advantage of an absence of Japanese troops who went to fight elsewhere, they attacked Japanese civilians and massacred with cruel methods. China recognized the responsibility and paid the reparation.

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