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Bakumatsu
幕末
alternative words: Bakumatsu period
keywords:
epoch
,
meiji revolution
related topics:
Meiji revolution
,
Edo shogunate
,
Sakoku
,
Commodore Perry
,
Tokugawa Yoshinobu
,
Shinsengumi
,
Boshin war
related web sites:
http://www2.plala.or.jp/shyall/
,
http://www.sciencevillage.com/House/4-bakumatu.htm
,
http://m1.aol.com/mhokada/katu/ziten.html
explanation: Literally "end of shogunate", the period spanning between the arrival of Commodore Perry in 1853 and the fall of Edo shogunat in 1868. After 2 century old Sakoku, Edo shogunat had to cede before a threat of 4 American ships. Before this weakness of shogunat, some seigniors began to equip their own army with western technology to destabilize it, while Tokugawa regime recruited volunteers (Shinsengumi) to stop its decline. Finally, Tokugawa Yoshinobu returned back the power to Emperor in 1868.
Boshin war
戊辰戦争
alternative words: Boshin civil war, Boshinsensou, Boshin sensou, Boshinsenso, Boshin senso
keywords:
meiji revolution
,
war
related topics:
Bakumatsu
,
Edo shogunate
,
Meiji revolution
,
Tokugawa Yoshinobu
,
Enomoto Takeaki
related web sites:
http://haruna.on.arena.ne.jp/military/travelogue/kyouto/tobafusimi.html
,
http://www.city.aizuwakamatsu.fukushima.jp
explanation: Small conflicts and political negotiations between pro and anti Edo shogunate were degenerated to a civil war. After a defeat in battle of Toba Fushimi near Kyoto in January 1868, Tokugawa's army led by Yoshinobu withdrew to Tokyo and finally opened the city without resistance. But, unhappy with this sudden capitulation, many individual initiatives appeared in the northern Japan. After a fall of Aizu castle in October then Goryokaku in June 1869, all the resistance stopped.
Choshu domain
長州藩
毛利藩
alternative words: Choshuhan, Choshu-han, Choshu han, Choshu, Mouri domain, Mouri han, Mouri
keywords:
meiji revolution
,
state
related topics:
Muromachi period
,
Sengoku period
,
Mouri Motonari
,
Battle of Sekigahara
,
Tokugawa Ieyasu
,
Meiji revolution
,
Jito
,
Omura Masujiro
related web sites:
http://www21.big.or.jp/~kirin/
explanation: Nominated as a "Jito" in Hiroshima prefecture during Muromachi period, Mouri family extended their domain to the whole Chugoku region during Sengoku period under the guidance of Motonari. During the battle of Sekigahara, they kept a neutrality but Tokugawa Ieyasu punished them severely and their domain shrank only to one fifth of before the battle, i.e. actual Yamaguchi prefecture. For that reason, they became the most determined enemy of Edo shogunate during Meiji revolution.
Emperor Komei
孝明天皇
alternative words: Komei tenno, Komei tennou, Emperor Koumei, Koumei tenno, Koumei tennou
keywords:
emperor
,
famous person
,
meiji revolution
related topics:
Bakumatsu
,
Meiji revolution
,
Edo Shogunate
,
Emperor Meiji
,
Sakoku
explanation: 121th Japanese emperor. Born in 1831 as a son of Emperor Konin. Contrary to other emperors of Edo period, he refused to be a puppet and strongly criticized Edo shogunate after the abandon of 2 century old Sakoku policy in 1853. So he attracted around him many nationalists but accepted the reconciliation Tokugawa regime (Koubu gattai) by agreeing the marriage of his sister with 14th shogun, Tokugawa Iemochi. He died in 1866 due to smallpox but suspected to be poisoned.
Emperor Meiji
明治天皇
明治
alternative words: Emperor of Meiji, Meiji tenno, Meijitenno, Meiji tennou, Emperor Meji, Meji tenno, Mejitenno, Meiji, Meji
keywords:
emperor
,
famous person
,
meiji revolution
related topics:
Meiji revolution
,
Edo shogunate
,
Emperor Komei
,
Meiji period
,
Sino-Japanese war
,
Russo-Japanese war
,
Emperor Taisho
related web sites:
http://www.meijijingu.or.jp
explanation: 122th Japanese emperor. Born in 1852 as a son of Komei Emperor and became himself emperor in 1866. He was the central figure of a movement to abolish Edo shogunate and to transform Japan to a powerful westernized country. The constitution promulgated in 1989 (constitution of the Empire of Japan) conferred him an absolute power. After the victory against China (1895) and Russia (1905), he got a reputation of clever emperor. He died in 1912 and was enshrined at Meiji shrine.
Enomoto Takeaki
榎本武揚
榎本武揚
alternative words: Takeaki Enomoto, Enomoto Buyo, Buyo Enomoto, Enomoto Buyou, Buyou Enomoto
keywords:
famous person
,
meiji revolution
,
military man
,
northern territory
,
statesman
related topics:
Meiji revolution
,
Saint Petersburg treaty
,
Hatamoto
,
Boshin war
explanation: Born in 1836 in a Hatamoto family. He learned naval technique in Tokyo and Nagasaki to become himself a teacher. Between 1862 and 1866, he studied in Holland naval technique and international law. After returned back to Japan, he was nominated to Marine Minister (Kaigun bugyo) of Tokugawa shogunate. After its defeat in 1868, he refused to surrender and fled to Hakodata with his ships, but finally pardoned. He served then in many ministerial posts of Meiji government.
Genro
元老
keywords:
meiji revolution
,
title
related topics:
Meiji revolution
,
Meiji period
,
Ito Hirobumi
,
Yamagata Aritomo
,
Oyama Iwao
,
Saionji Kinmochi
explanation: Literally "original elders", they come from the most important contributors of Meiji revolution still alive after the promulgation of Meiji constitution. Though, they owned no legal base, they were acting as tutors of the current politicians and charged with designating the next prim minister. Ito Hirobumi, Kuroda Kiyotaka, Yamagata Aritomo, Oyama Iwao, Saionji Kinmochi, Katsura Taro, Saigo Koremichi, Inoue Kaoru and Matsukata Masayoshi are traditionally called "Genro".
Itagaki Taisuke
板垣退助
alternative words: Taisuke Itagaki
keywords:
famous person
,
meiji revolution
,
statesman
related topics:
Meiji revolution
,
Meiji period
related web sites:
http://www.edu.net-kochi.gr.jp/area/jiyuu/jiyuu003.htm
,
http://www.i-kochi.or.jp/prv/kumongo/itagaki.htm
,
http://www.izumishobo.co.jp/iode31-3a.htm
explanation: Born in 1837 in a samurai family of Tosa domain. During Meiji revolution, he had greatly contributed to beat the resistance of Tohoku region. For that reason, he got an important post in the newly created Meiji government but quickly left it because of a dispute on the Korean policy. Then he strove for the creation of a Japanese parliament by forming "Liberal Party". He was nearly killed by a terrorist attack in 1882. He died in 1919 and is considered the father of Japanese democracy.
Ito Hirobumi
伊藤博文
alternative words: Hirobumi Ito, Itou Hirobumi, Hirobumi Itou, Itoh Hirobumi
keywords:
famous person
,
korea
,
meiji revolution
,
statesman
related topics:
Meiji Revolution
,
Meiji period
,
Choshu domain
,
Yoshida Shoin
,
Genro
,
Meiji constitution
related web sites:
http://www.urban.ne.jp/home/momorx/
explanation: Born in 1841 in a poor family of Choshu domain. After studies in Yoshida Shoin's school, he was sent to England to learn western technology but returned back when a war against 4 colonial powers broke out. After the restoration of Meiji, he became the most influential man and worked on the elaboration of Meiji constitution to become himself the first Japanese prime minister. Favorable to the annexation of Korea, he was assassinated by a nationalist in 1909 in Manchuria.
Iwakura Tomomi
岩倉具視
alternative words: Tomomi Iwakura
keywords:
famous person
,
meiji revolution
,
statesman
related topics:
Bakumatsu
,
Meiji revolution
,
Edo shogunate
,
Emperor Komei
related web sites:
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/ro/gi11496/00/0b-007.html
explanation: Born in 1825 in a low ranked noble family then adopted by higher raked Iwakura family to become a chamberlain of Emperor Komei. Initially anti-westerner and for a corporation of imperial and Tokugawa families (Kobugattairon), he shifted gradually his opinion to the suppression of Edo shogunate. After a fall of the latter, he strove for the creation of a centralized western style regime around the emperor. He opposed to a punitive expedition to Korea. He died in 1883.
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