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Roju
老中
alternative words: Roujuu, Senior councilor
keywords:
office
,
title
related topics:
Edo shogunate
,
Bugyo
,
Tanuma Okitsugu
,
Karo
,
Mizuno Tadakuni
,
Kyoto shoshidai
explanation: Top ranking officials in Edo shogunate, they were appointed from fudai daimyo who were the old allies of Tokugawa regime. The regular number is 5 or 6 and they form an inner circle around shogun to make collectively the important decisions. Each roju controlling some bugyo, they should hold an equivalent function of the vice prime minister in a modern nation. Exceptionally tairo, a kind of super roju, was appointed and allowed to make decisions without consulting other roju.
Rokuhara tandai
六波羅探題
alternative words: Rokuhara deputy, Rokuharatandai
keywords:
office
,
title
related topics:
Kamakura shogunate
,
Emperor Gotoba
,
Shugo
,
Heiankyo
,
Yamato dynasty
,
Heishi
,
Hojoshi
related web sites:
http://homepage2.nifty.com/midorigallery/rokuhara/rokuhara.htm
,
http://www5b.biglobe.ne.jp/~yoropara/tishiki/ks00014.htm
explanation: Post settled by Kamakura shogunate to watch the imperial court and charged with the police affairs of Kyoto. Initially these matters had been handled by Kyoto shugo but after Jyokyu rebellion of emperor Gotoba, Rokuhara tandai replaced it with a prerogative of judicial affairs on western Japan. The post was occupied by 2 Hojo members and disappeared with the fall of Kamakura shogunate in 1333. Rokuhara was a southeastern district of Kyoto where Heishi had settled their headquarters.
Ronin
浪人
alternative words: Masterless samurai
keywords:
title
related topics:
Sengoku period
,
Edo period
,
Battle of Sekigahara
,
Samurai
,
Honda Toshiaki
,
Hayashi Shihei
,
Kaieki
related web sites:
http://www.mm-taiga.com/genrock/service/taiga/top/g_club/daigaku/24/sei24_03.htm
explanation: Literally "floating man". Initially it designating the errant people, this term became a title of "masterless samurai" during Edo period. During Sengoku period, due to a great number of battles, ronin could find easily another master, but when a peace arrived after battle of Sekigahara, this situation became quickly uncomfortable, and most of ronin remained poor and had to find a new job such as merchant or teacher. Honda Toshiaki and Hayashi Shihei were ronin.
Sennin
仙人
alternative words: Sen nin, Xianren, Xian ren, Hsienjen, Hsien jen
keywords:
china
,
religion
,
title
related topics:
Taoism
,
Asuka period
,
Nara period
related web sites:
http://www2s.biglobe.ne.jp/~xianxue/
explanation: The main character of Taoism, owing supernatural power such as eternal life and flying capacity, acquired from practicing asceticism. The concept was imported from China during Asuka period and became popular during Nara period. Though there was no official implementation of Taoism in Japan, many aristocrats were interested in it such as Emperor Tenmu. Yoshino mountains located in the south of Nara basin was a favorite training ground to become Sennin.
Shikken
執権
alternative words: Hojo regency
keywords:
shogun
,
title
related topics:
Kamakura shogunate
,
Minamoto no Yoritomo
,
Hojoshi
,
Hojo Tokimune
explanation: Post created by Minamoto no Yoritomo of Kamakura shogunate as an attendant of Shogun in order to supervise military and judicial matters. Once the children of Yoritomo succeeded him, this post became another power pole of the shogunate and replaced the power of Shogun himself. This post was traditionally inherited by Hojo family because Yoritomo got married with a girl of this family, Hojo Masako. The post was suppressed with the fall of Kamakura shogunate in 1333.
Shinpan
親藩
alternative words: Simpan
keywords:
title
related topics:
Edo shogunate
,
Tokugawa Ieyasu
,
Gosanke
,
Daimyo
,
Tozama
,
Han
,
Bakumatsu
,
Tokugawashi
explanation: During Edo period, daimyo descending from Tokugawa Ieyasu were called "shinpan", i.e. relative han (domain). They were Gosanke (3 successor houses, i.e. Ki, Owari and Mito domains), Echizen Matsudaira, Aizu Matsudaira and their sub-branches. They had been installed in different strategic places over Japan to watch Tozama daimyo and defend Edo shogunate but only Aizu domain defended actively shogunate in Bakumatsu period.
Shogun
将軍
征夷大将軍
alternative words: Shougun, Seitaishogun, Seiitaishogun, Sei tai shogun, Seii tai shogun, Sei taishogun, Seii taishogun, Seii daishogun
keywords:
shogun
,
title
related topics:
Shogunate
,
Minamoto no Yoritomo
,
Ashikaga Takauji
,
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
,
Tokugawa Ieyasu
explanation: This title had appeared during Nara period and means "Great general to conquer barbarians". As its name indicates, the title holder had a prerogative to recruit soldiers to subdue Ainu's revolts, but it was temporary once. Gradually it had transformed to designate a supreme chef of samurais without any relation with Ainu. Since Kamakura period, the title had become permanent and used until the end of Edo period. Shogun (=general) is an abbreviation of Seitaishogun.
Shugo
守護
守護職
alternative words: Shugoshoku, Shugo-shoku, Shugo shoku
keywords:
office
,
title
related topics:
Kamakura shogunate
,
Minamoto no Yoritomo
,
Minamoto no Yoshitsune
,
Muromachi period
,
Gokenin
,
Kokushi
,
Kuni
,
Shugo daimyo
explanation: Shogun Yoritomo created a post of general police for each province (Kuni), "Shugo", by pretending a need to capture Yoshitsune. Shugo was charged to watch "Gokenin" and to assure the security of the province and became a governor's post, parallel to the preexisting "Kokushi". At the end of Kamakura period, most of the posts went to Hojo clan. During Muromachi period, some Shugo controlled several provinces and opposed to the shogunate, then became a war lord (Shugo daimyo).
Shugo daimyo
守護大名
alternative words: Shugodaimyo
keywords:
title
,
war lord
related topics:
Shugo
,
Kamakura shogunate
,
Muromachi shogunate
,
Daimyo
,
Takeda shingen
,
Imagawa Yoshimoto
explanation: Initially appointed by Kamakura shogunate in order to watch Gokenin of each province (Kuni), Shugo transformed gradually the appointed province to his own fief and the post heritable, when shoguns became weak at the end of Kamakura period. Muromachi shogunate was considered merely a coalition government powerful shugo daimyo. "Sengoku daimyo" then came to replace shugo daimyo. Takeda clan of Yamanashi and Imagawa clan of Shizuoka were shugo daimyo.
Tenno
天皇
大王
帝
御門
alternative words: Japanese emperor, Emperor, Tennou, Mikado
keywords:
emperor
,
family
,
title
related topics:
Prince Shotoku
,
Yamato dynasty
,
Nara period
,
5 Japanese kings
,
Prince Yamatotakeru
,
Empress Jingu
related web sites:
http://www.aura-press.com/scriba/index/tn-index.html
,
http://www.pure.co.jp/~cha-san/tennoryo.htm
,
http://www2.begin.or.jp/sakura/misasagi.htm
,
http://inoues.net/yamataikoku/tenno/tenno_meguri.html
,
http://www.kunaicho.go.jp
explanation: Term used to designate the Japanese sovereign. Initially called "Ookimi", i.e. "Big king", it was prince Shotoku who proclaimed himself as "emperor" in a letter addressed to Chinese emperor in 7th century, while interior of Japan, the term "Sumera mikoto" was used. During Nara period, the usage of "Shigou" i.e. "post-mortem name" appeared. Though the actual emperor is counted as 125th, it may be contestable because some documents qualify Yamatotakeru or Jingukogo as emperor.
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35 articles extracted from postgresql database.
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